VirtualBox get IP of VM (cli)

Here is command to run from CLI to get ifconfig output on guest machine (with ubuntu server):

vboxmanage guestcontrol <vm name> run --exe '/sbin/ifconfig' --username <username> --password <pass>

Make sure GAs are installed on the guest

You can write shell function to simplify the call:

function vbox-get-ip() {
    if [ -z $1 ]; then
       echo "pass VM name"
       return
    fi
    vboxmanage guestcontrol $1 run --exe '/sbin/ifconfig' --username <username> --password <pass>
}

Now just call vbox-get-ip <vm name> and ifconfig output will be shown!

Sure you can execute other commands on the host. Just make sure you pass full path to the binary.